HUMAN RIGHTS AND THEIR CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA

Resumo

This article analyzes human rights and the challenges they face in the contemporary era, highlighting their essential role in safeguarding human dignity and promoting peaceful coexistence. It is based on the understanding that human rights are inherent to the human condition, regardless of their formal recognition in domestic or international legal systems, including treaties, conventions, and peremptory norms (ius cogens). The study also addresses the doctrinal distinction between human rights and fundamental rights, emphasizing its primarily didactic nature, as both aim to ensure conditions for a dignified life. Furthermore, the article examines the different dimensions of human rights and stresses that their effectiveness depends on voluntary compliance by individuals, States, and other social actors. In this context, it explores forms of human rights violations and their implications, particularly in light of the inapplicability of traditional principles of public international law, such as reciprocity. Finally, the paper presents, in an illustrative manner, contemporary challenges that may weaken the human rights protection system, including restrictive migration policies, underscoring the need for continuous reflection and strengthening of protection mechanisms at the global level.